Grabowski MK, et al. - The physicians examined the association between the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and medical male circumcision in Rakai, Uganda to evaluate the effect of a combination strategy for prevention of HIV on the incidence of HIV infection. With the scale-up of a combination strategy for HIV prevention, the incidence of HIV infection declined significantly, which provided empirical evidence that interventions for HIV prevention could have a population-level effect. However, additional efforts were required to overcome disparities according to sex and to achieve greater reductions in the incidence of HIV infection.