Wang KY, et al. - Thirty individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and new solitary white matter (WM) lesions on brain MRI were evaluated by researchers to assess the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (T2 FLAIR) in distinguishing between new WM enhancing lesions (ELs) and non-enhancing lesions (NELs) in patients with MS. Between ELs and NELs, T2 FLAIR histogram parameters were not significantly distinctive. Many EL ADC histogram parameters, such as maximum and mean, were significantly higher vs NELs. A trend toward significantly higher maximum ADC in ELs following adjusting for multiple comparisons was noted. With the greatest diagnostic performance, the standard deviation of T2 FLAIR, maximum ADC, and normalized maximum ADC ratio were amongst histogram parameters. Thus, consideration could be given to ADC and T2 FLAIR as potential noncontrast methods for the assessment of active MS lesions in patients with contraindications to gadolinium or concerns with gadolinium brain deposition.