Pan HC, et al. - Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, researchers conducted a nationwide population-based study to analyze the correlation between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (HD) and the incidence of malignancies according to age. Data reported that the incidence rates of malignancy in HD and control groups were 6.8% and 4.9% respectively. Competing risk regression analysis showed that age, HD, male gender and diabetes were related to an increased risk of malignancy. According to the findings, the cumulative risk of malignancy was significantly higher in patients with ESRD who received HD, particularly those with a young age. Specialized cancer screening protocols for young HD patients could, therefore, help to prolong their lifespan.