Kim GA, et al. - This study was conducted to examine whether or not antiviral treatment reduces the risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality in patients with immune-tolerant (IT)-phase chronic hepatitis B (CHB). When compared to treated immune-active (IA)-phase patients with CHB, untreated IT-phase patients had higher risks of HCC and death/transplantation. In select IT-phase patients, unnecessary deaths could be prevented through earlier antiviral intervention.