Vuitton L, et al. - An inquiry was set up with regard to the anal canal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection prevalence and risk factors among patients presenting at a Gastroenterology Department in France. Anal canal HPV infection was detected in one-third of patients who underwent colonoscopy at a Gastroenterology Department. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection was found in almost 20% of patients and in a prominently higher proportion of patients with Crohn’s disease than without. It was deduced that an increase in the knowledge of HPV infection of anal tissues could assist physicians in determining populations at risk and could promote prophylaxis with vaccination and adequate screening.