Walter-Holiner I, et al. - The researchers performed this prospective cohort study to examine the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) at baseline and after 5 years of follow-up in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), using both measurements of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and clinical neurological examination. In children and adolescents with T1DM, the prevalence of DPN was found to be high and there was a rapid increase in the prevalence of DPN over the 5-year follow-up. They revealed that in these patients, a mere clinical evaluation was not sensitive enough to diagnose DPN. The gold standard of NCV measurements for the assessment of DPN ought to be applied more broadly.