Rowan CM, et al. - This study was carried out to determine current practice patterns of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), parameters during HFOV and their association with mortality, and to compare the use of HFOV to conventional mechanical ventilation in severe pediatric ARDS. Early vs late use of HFOV was shown to be related to improved survival in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant subjects who had acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for critical illness with severe pediatric ARDS. Furthermore, similar outcomes were reported in these subjects, compared to those treated only with conventional mechanical ventilation.