Rodríguez AJ, et al. – Given that a study of women from the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) indicated that higher calcium was associated with higher mortality risk, while a study of Australian adults from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS; n=34,627) suggested that higher intakes were associated with lower mortality risk, investigators conducted a sex-specific re-analysis of the MCCS to examine the association of dietary calcium with mortality outcomes and directly compare hazard estimates in women with those from the SMC. After adjustment for confounders, the researchers observed no increase in mortality risk with high calcium intakes in Australian women, contrary to findings from the SMC, which may be a reflection in differences regarding calcium-handling dynamics, diet, or lifestyle factors between the two countries. They did, however, identify an increased risk for men.