Kulis M, et al. - The immunologic changes caused by peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) were determined in preschool-aged children and groups ingesting low vs high dose peanut OIT (300 mg or 3000 mg, respectively) as maintenance therapy were compared regarding these immune responses. Researchers drew blood at several time points throughout the OIT protocol and isolated and cultured PBMCs with peanut antigens. Outcomes suggest that peanut OIT resulted in a reduction in pro-allergic cytokines, including IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9, and reduced basophil activation. They identified no differences in T cell or basophil responses between subjects on low or high dose maintenance OIT, which has implications for clinical dosing strategies.