Hyun MH, et al. - Researchers pursued a comparison of primary hepatectomy (PH) with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with intermediate- to advanced-stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer {BCLC} stage B/C) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine the current evidence. For this analysis, 18 high-quality studies (one randomized controlled trial [RCT], five propensity-score matching nonrandomized comparative trials [NRCTs], and 12 NRCTs) that compared survival outcomes of 5,986 patients after PH and TACE were included. In patients with intermediate- to advanced-stage HCC, surgical resection provided survival benefits. Based on diverse definitions of operability, the evidence found herein could assist in the choice of treatment modality.