Karaosmanoglu B, et al. - The gene expression of CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 in human neurofibromas was evaluated by researchers among patients aged between 5 and 37 years. For this study, tumors were co-stained with antibodies against Schwann cell marker S100 and target molecule CXCR4 after a pathological exam and diagnosis. In all human Schwann cell-based tumors, CXCR4 gene expression rose 3- to 120-fold and the CXCL12 gene expression increased 33- to 512-fold.