Chou YH, et al. - In this prospective observational study, researchers investigated the prognostic significance of heart rate variability (HRV) on renal function in 326 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who were followed-up for a median duration of 2.02 years. Different prevalence of autonomic dysfunction, as assessed by HRV, was observed among each stage of patients with CKD. Reduced values of HRV parameters were noted in most patients in advanced stage CKD. Advanced CKD, diabetes mellitus, serum albumin, severe proteinuria, Beck Anxiety Inventory score, erythropoietin use, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, and heart failure were identified as associated factors of HRV. With regard to CKD progression, estimation of ln(low frequency power)(LF)/ln(high frequency power)(HF), over and above classical risk factors, assisted in the prognostication.