Nguyen T, et al. - In view of the observation that aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss (HL) have a genetic susceptibility and mitochondrial DNA mutations have implication in inherited and acquired hearing impairment, researchers undertook this literature review of genetic mutations associated with aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Of the 108 identified articles, 25 articles were included in this review. The analysis suggests the presence of mitochondrial 12s rRNA mutation A1555G in American, Chinese, Arab-Israeli, Spanish and Mongolian ethnicities. All mutations leading to aminoglycoside ototoxicity were noted to be mitochondrial mutations. These findings suggest the value of considering preexisting genetic defects in treatments involving aminoglycosides. In particular populations such as those of Chinese origin, they recommend clinicians to consider the increased susceptibility to aminoglycosides.