Cerani A, Zhou S, Forgetta V, et al. - Via performing a Mendelian randomization study of 61,079 people, researchers determined whether genetically elevated serum calcium levels are correlated with enhanced bone mineral density and reduced osteoporotic fractures. In inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization analyses, a standard divergence increase in genetically derived serum calcium was not correlated with progressed estimated bone mineral density or a decreased risk of fractures. The evidence of pleiotropic effects could not be determined upon sensitivity analyses. Therefore, in people with normal calcium levels, genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium levels had no correlation with a rise in expected bone mineral density and did not offer clinically appropriate protection against fracture. Whether such predisposition mimics the impact of short-term calcium supplementation was not clear. The investigators concluded that widespread calcium supplementation in the general population could render more risk than an advantage, provided that the same genetically derived increase in serum calcium was related to a heightened risk of coronary artery disease.