Yuan S, et al. - Researchers explored the connections between genetically anticipated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD), calcium (S-Ca), and parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) levels with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). As instrumental variables, seven, six, and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with S-25OHD, S-Ca, and S-PTH levels, respectively, were used. T2DM data for 74,124 T2DM and 824,006 control subjects were accessible. Data reported that the odds ratio of T2DM per one-SD increment of S-Ca levels was 1.41 after correcting for this bias using MR-Egger regression. According to this Mendelian randomization study, modest lifelong higher levels of S-25OHD were linked to reduced odds of T2DM, but the vitamin D synthesis pathway connection was only robust for SNPs. Further research is needed on the possible role of S-Ca levels in developing T2DM.