Yuko NL, Daniel VCO, Monica MCP, et al. - Given the worldwide re-emergence of tuberculosis (TB) and the lack of information concerning genetic diversity and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) in Mexico, researchers here tested samples from 463 presumptive TB cases for TB by smear, culture and PCR. Of these, 19.2% were identified as MTBc and 16% as nontuberculous mycobacteria. Large Sequence Polymorphisms, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR 24 loci typing methods were used to characterize MTBc isolates. Ten sub-lineages were identified in clade designations: Haarlem (35.7%), EAI (26.2%), LAM (9.5%), Ghana (4.8%), X (2.4%), New-1 (2.4%), H37Rv-like (7.1%), M. bovis (2.4%), S (7.1%), Uganda I (2.4%). EAI is recognized to be one of the principal genotypes; this seems to be linked with high migration rates. They identified 35.71% of the isolates being drug-resistant: 14.2% were multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), 14.2% mono-resistant and 7.14% poly-resistant. This work represent the first providing the description of genetic diversity and drug resistance profile of MTBc in Oaxaca, Mexico.