Ziobrowski H, et al. – This research was done in order to characterize gender differences in the prevalence of mental and physical health conditions and assess the moderating impact of assaultive trauma on risk for these conditions in a nationally representative sample of male and female U.S. veterans. The results obtained from the study provide a comprehensive assessment and characterization of gender differences in mental and physical health conditions and risk conferred by assaultive trauma for certain conditions in U.S. veterans.