Dai YJ, et al. - The gender differences of the functional connectivities (FCs) between the twelve insular subdivisions and selected pain-related brain structures in healthy adults were investigated. Findings revealed significant gender differences in the FCs of the insular subdivisions. Using two different techniques (ROI-whole brain and ROI-ROI analyses), the FCs between the dorsal dysgranular insula (dId) and other brain regions were significantly increased in males. The ROI-whole brain analysis revealed that in males, the FC increases in 4 FC-pairs, including the left dId - the right median cingulate and paracingulate/ right posterior cingulate gyrus/ right precuneus, the left dId - the right median cingulate and paracingulate, the left dId - the left angular as well as the left dId - the left middle frontal gyrus. According to the ROI-ROI analysis, increased FC between the left dId and the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex was investigated in males.