Polverino F, et al. - It was hypothesized that women with osteoporosis or osteopenia, without cardio-pulmonary disease, have perturbations in the pattern of breathing and gas exchange. Findings demonstrated the association of bone fragility (BF) with statistically significant perturbations in gas exchange and alterations in the pattern of breathing including shortening of the inspiratory time, in the absence of known cardio-pulmonary disease.