Wang F, et al. - In this Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study, researchers investigated the causal relationship between gallstone disease (GSD) and type 2 diabetes risk using a Mendelian randomization analysis. This observational study included 16,299 participants who were cancer-free and did have heart disease, stroke, and diabetes at baseline. The researchers used a Cox proportional hazard regression model to examine the link between GSD and the risk of type 2 diabetes. A genetic risk score (GRS) for GSD with 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was constructed and tested among 7,000 participants. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of type 2 diabetes risk in individuals with GSD was 1.22. Each 1-standard deviation (SD, 0.23) increment in the weighted GRS was correlated with 17% increment of type 2 diabetes risk (Odds ratio=1.17, 95% CI, 0.90-1.52), indicating a positive but not a causal connection of GSD with type 2 diabetes risk.