Zheng Y, et al. - Using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, researchers studied the connection of a history of gallstone disease and risk of death among 86,030 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 43,949 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. It was observed that gallstone disease was correlated with a higher risk of total mortality and disease-specific mortality, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality, independent of various traditional risk factors. These associations persisted among women and men, and among patients with diverse risk profiles, including the different status of body mass index, hormone therapy use, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.