Kawamoto N, et al. - By retrospectively reviewing 602 patients with mitral regurgitation who underwent MV repair for Type II dysfunction from 2001, researchers assessed the impacts of functional mitral stenosis (MS) after mitral valve (MV) repair on late cardiac function and new onset of atrial fibrillation or survival. They noted a postoperative high mean transmitral pressure gradient (MTPG) resulting from performing annuloplasty using a small-sized ring in MV repair. This led to elevated pulmonary artery pressure and residual TR grade and caused a new onset of atrial fibrillation, despite a competent MV.