Ge R, et al. - Researchers sought to describe that clinical improvement after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is correlated with changes in functional connectivity (FC) of the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC) and rostral anterior cingulate (rACC), and FC of sgACC and rACC could serve as potential predictors for treatment response. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected in 50 treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients within 1 week of initiation of rTMS to predict subsequent response to rTMS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. According to findings, depression brain activity patterns are predictive of treatment response to rTMS, and longitudinal change of brain activity in relevant brain circuits after rTMS is related to depression treatment response. By optimal selection of patients for treatment, target engagement paradigms can offer opportunities to increase the effectiveness of rTMS in TRD.