Socie P, et al. – Factors associated with spontaneous recovery from atrio–ventricular block (AVB) post– cardiac surgery, were explored in the present study. Researchers found that age, female gender, endocarditis and aortic valve replacement were the factors that conferred risk for postoperative AVB in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Since most patients who would recover did so before day 7, this study validates modern guidelines suggesting permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) on day 7.