Miao B, et al. - Researchers conducted the study for analyzing the 4-year incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in individuals with or at risk of atherosclerotic disease in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Utilizing US MarketScan data, the authors identified AF patients ≥ 45 years old with billing codes showing established coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease or the presence of ≥ 3 risk factors for atherosclerotic disease from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2013, with a minimum of 4-years of available follow-up. According to results, 625,951 patients with 4-years of follow-up were identified, 77,752 of which had comorbid AF. In patients with or at risk of atherosclerotic disease, comorbid AF carries a substantial risk of MACE. The risk of MACE rises with higher CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores and is more likely in patients without oral anticoagulation.