Poeschel V, Held G, Ziepert M, et al. - In this two-arm, open-label, international, multicentre, prospective, randomized phase 3 non-inferiority trial performed at 138 clinical sites in Denmark, Israel, Italy, Norway, and Germany of 592 individuals aged 18–60 years, with stage I–II disease, normal serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration, ECOG performance status 0–1, and without bulky disease (maximal tumour diameter < 7·5 cm), experts evaluated whether four cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus six applications of rituximab are non-inferior to six cycles of R (rituximab)-CHOP in a population of individuals with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with favourable prognosis. In young patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and favourable prognosis, four cycles of R-CHOP was discovered to be non-inferior to six cycles of R-CHOP, with appropriate decreases of toxic influences. Therefore, chemotherapy could be decreased without compromising outcomes in this population.