Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, et al. - In this secondary analysis of phase 1 CA209-003 trial, researchers examined 270 patients with advanced melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), or non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to determine 5-year survival associated with nivolumab treatment in these patients, as well as to identify factors related to 5-year survival. In this trial, nivolumab (0.1-10.0 mg/kg) was administered to patients every 2 weeks in 8-week cycles for up to 96 weeks, until development of progressive disease, achievement of a complete response, occurrence of unacceptable toxic effects, or withdrawal of consent. In a subset of heavily pretreated patients with advanced melanoma, RCC, or NSCLC, long-term survival was seen in relation to nivolumab treatment. A negative association of 5-year survival with the presence of bone or liver metastases and a positive link with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, objective response, degree of tumor burden reduction, and adverse event occurrence, was evident. For future clinical trial development, treatment approaches and strategies may be informed by characterizing factors related to long-term survival.