Osmancik P, et al. - Researchers report the long-term follow-up (5 years) of the PRAGUE-12 Study (a prospective, randomized clinical trial) that evaluated cardiac surgery with ablation for AF vs cardiac surgery alone. In a randomized manner, patients with AF who were also indicated for cardiac surgery (coronary artery disease, valve surgery) were allocated to surgical ablation (SA) or control (no ablation) group. With a composite of cardiovascular mortality, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, or severe bleeding, being the primary endpoint, this analysis was performed on 207 patients (SA group = 108 patients, control group = 99 patients). A greater probability of maintaining sinus rhythm and a reduced risk of stroke were observed in relation to concomitant SA of AF.