Tournilhac O, et al. - Given the poor outcomes in patients (pts) with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) on first-line therapy, autologous transplantation (autoSCT) is recommended in transplant-eligible pts by guidelines for consolidation, AATT (Autologous or AllogeneicTransplantation in T-cell lymphoma), a prospective randomized trial, was conducted for improving first-line therapy and comparing alloSCT with autoSCT. The trial comprised younger pts (18-60 yrs) with newly diagnosed PTCL who had achieved CR, PR, or SD following 4 courses of CHOEP and 1 course of DHAP. The full analysis set comprised 103 pts who were randomized upfront to autoSCT (n = 54) or alloSCT (n = 49). BEAM followed by autoSCT or myeloablative conditioning (fludarabine, busulfan, cyclophosphamide) followed by alloSCT from a matched related or unrelated donor was performed on Pts. Outcomes revealed no significant survival differences when alloSCT or autoSCT was provided to consolidate response in these pts. While alloSCT exerted a strong GvL-effect, it also resulted in substantial treatment-related mortality. AutoSCT remains the preferred consolidation for younger pts with PTCL, in particular, because pts relapsing after autoSCT can be successfully salvaged with alloSCT.