Baas P, Scherpereel A, Nowak AK, et al. - Researchers performed this open-label, randomized, phase 3 study (CheckMate 743) to ascertain whether nivolumab plus ipilimumab would confer improved overall survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Eligible patients in 21 countries were randomized (1:1) to nivolumab (3 mg/kg intravenously once every 2 weeks) plus ipilimumab (1 mg/kg intravenously once every 6 weeks) for up to 2 years, or platinum plus pemetrexed chemotherapy (pemetrexed [500 mg/m 2 intravenously] plus cisplatin [75 mg/m 2 intravenously] or carboplatin [area under the concentration-time curve 5 mg/mL per min intravenously]) once every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. There were 713 patients included; 605 were randomly assigned to either nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n=303) or chemotherapy (n=302). According to the findings, significant and clinically meaningful improvements in overall survival were conferred by nivolumab plus ipilimumab vs standard-of-care chemotherapy. At the prespecified interim analysis, nivolumab plus ipilimumab significantly extended overall survival vs chemotherapy (median overall survival 18.1 months vs 14.1 months). 2-year overall survival rates were 41% vs 27% in the nivolumab plus ipilimumab group and the chemotherapy group, respectively. These data support the use of this first-in-class regimen that has been approved in the US as of October, 2020, for previously untreated unresectable MPM.