Ayalew MB, et al. – This study was performed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with first–line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure in HIV patients at the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital. First–line ART failure was observed in 4.1% cases. Treatment failure was more frequently observed in patients who had poor drug adherence and those who were delayed to start ART till their CD4 cell count became very low (<100 cells/mm3).