Hart RJ, et al. - Via the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, researchers examined if early signs of metabolic disorder in late adolescence are associated with features of impaired testicular function many years before the majority seek parenthood. Children born in 1989–1991 who have undergone detailed physical assessments since birth (1454 male infants born) were studied. Hepatic ultrasound examination was done in 490, serum cytokine assessment in 520 and a metabolic assessment in 544 at 17 years of age. At 20 years, 608 underwent a further metabolic assessment. A testicular assessment was performed at 20 years; reproductive hormones measures were reported in 609, testicular ultrasound was done on 404 and a semen sample was produced by 365. Outcomes revealed impaired testicular function and altered hormone levels among adolescents with features of metabolic disorder at 17 years, or insulin resistance (IR) at 20 years of age compared to those without metabolic disorder.