Barile-Fabris LA, Fragoso-Loyo H, Wojdyla D, et al. - Researchers conducted the study for identifying disease and non-disease related factors associated with neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations in early systemic lupus erythematosus. They involved 1,193 patients from the GLADEL inception cohort who did not have NP involvement at the time of enrollment. They investigated the relationship between demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and NP involvement during follow-up. Using a multivariable Cox regression model, independent factors associated with NP involvement were identified. Patients with myalgias/myositis, pneumonitis, shrinking lung, and hemolytic anemia are more likely to develop NP involvement, whereas longer disease duration at cohort entry is linked to a lower risk of developing NP involvement.