Nasr El-Din A, Abdel-Gawad AR, Abdelgalil W, et al. - sTREM1 (soluble form of TREM1, which is a member of an immunoglobulin superfamily) can serve as a good indicator for sepsis detection in ICU patients, and prediction of bad prognosis and poor survival at 7 days post-admission can be enabled by suPAR (uPAR is cleaved from the cell surface to the soluble form of the receptor).

• A cross-sectional study was conducted.

• Study population included cases of SIRS [systemic inflammatory response syndrome] (no evidence of infection) and sepsis (with SIRS and evidence of infection).

• The sepsis group had significantly higher CRP and sTREM1 values, vs the SIRS group on both days (at admission and after 7 days).

• On the first and seventh day, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 and 0.97, respectively, was generated for CRP; AUC for sTREM1 was 1.00 and 0.93, respectively.

• sTREM1 sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 84%, respectively, at a cutoff of 49 pg/mL.

• A significantly positive correlation was found between CRP and sTREM1 values.

• Significantly higher serum levels of suPAR were detected on the seventh day among nonsurvivors vs survivors.

• Significantly higher SOFA and APACHE II scores were found in nonsurvivors than survivors.