Mao L, LaCourse SM, Kim S, et al. - The present study was conducted to explore the ability of a serum assay quantifying a species-specific peptide of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP-10 virulence factor via nanotechnology and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to diagnose tuberculosis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected infants. Researchers assessed the ability of a serum assay quantifying a species-specific peptide of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP-10 virulence factor via nanotechnology and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to diagnose tuberculosis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected infants. This study’s findings demonstrate that serum CFP-10 signal showed high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for tuberculosis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected infants and potential usefulness for early TB detection and monitoring of anti-TB treatment responses.