Pan Y, Chen Q, Chen T, et al. - Two Mask R-CNN models as the core of a computer-aided method were used by the researchers and a computer-aided method was proposed and the reliability and accuracy were assessed to automatically measure the Cobb angle and diagnose scoliosis on chest x-rays. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of intra- and inter-observer reliability analysis was 0.941 and 0.887, respectively, for manual measurement of the Cobb angle on chest x-rays and the mean absolute variations were < 3.5°. For Cobb angle measurement, the ICC between the computer-aided and manual methods was 0.854, and the mean absolute variation was 3.32°. These results intimated that the computer-aided method had good fidelity for Cobb angle measurement on chest x-rays. The computer-aided method achieved a high level of sensitivity and a relatively low level of specificity for diagnosing scoliosis on chest x-rays, via the mean value of Cobb angles in manual measurements > 10° as a reference standard for scoliosis. Therefore, the computer-aided method has the potential for automatic Cobb angle measurement and scoliosis diagnosis on chest x-rays.