Miao Z, Lin JS, Mao Y, et al. - Researchers conducted this prospective cohort study to explore the correlation of erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes and analyze the potential role of gut microbiota in the association. Between 2008 and 2013, 2,731 candidates without type 2 diabetes enlisted in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (Guangzhou, China), were analyzed. Utilizing stool samples obtained during the follow-up in the subset (n = 1,591), 16S rRNA profiling was performed. Two hundred seventy-six case individuals with type 2 diabetes were identified (risk 0.10) over 6.2 years of follow-up. Findings suggested an association of higher levels of erythrocyte γ-linolenic acid (GLA), but not linoleic or arachidonic acid, with higher type 2 diabetes incidence. In a Chinese population, relative concentrations of erythrocyte GLA were positively linked to incident type 2 diabetes and also with gut microbial profiles. Such findings demonstrate that gut microbiota can play an important role in linking the metabolism of n-6 PUFA and the etiology of type 2 diabetes.