Brown J - The researcher performed a review of published literature to study epinephrine dosing, site and route of administration, focusing on special populations (patients weighing less that 15 kg, and obese patients). Data on storage and delivery of epinephrine in pre-hospital and hospital settings was also analyzed. Based on limited pharmacokinetic data in healthy volunteers, 0.01 mg/kg (max 0.3-0.5 mg) epinephrine dose was recommended in anaphylaxis. The superiority of intramuscular route and lateral thigh site was indicated in limited data. By ultrasound studies, 0.15 epinephrine auto-injectors (EAI) needles may be too long for many patients under 15 kg and 0.3 mg EAI needles may be too short for obese patients over 30 kg. Overall, availability of EAIs, with doses and needle depths that meet the needs of all patients, should be ensured in the community. In order to improve anaphylaxis outcomes and prevent adverse events, the potential utility of optimizing epinephrine dose and delivery was suggested.