Kim D, et al. - In this 12-year nationwide study of a total of 4,658 individuals who used medical services because of spontaneous pneumothorax between 2002 and 2013 in Korea, researchers promoted an understanding of spontaneous pneumothorax by analyzing the prevalence rate and medical service use via persons with spontaneous pneumothorax according to sociodemographic features. The annual prevalence of spontaneous pneumothorax and the prevalence of hospitalization because of spontaneous pneumothorax varied from 39 to 66 per 100,000 individuals and from 18 to 36 per 100,000 people, respectively. The prevalence rate of spontaneous pneumothorax in Korea has risen since 2002. By age, the 15–34 years old group, and especially those aged 15–19 years old, explicated the highest prevalence rate and the rate then decreased prior to rising again for those aged 65 years or older. Collectively, 47%–57% of individuals with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent hospitalization. The average number of rehospitalizations because of pneumothorax was 1.56 per person, and more than 70% of recurrences happened within 1 year. The most prevalent comorbidity was COPD. The average treatment period was 11 and 14 days as an outpatient and in hospital, respectively. for outpatients and for hospital admissions, the average medical costs were $94.50 and $2,523, respectively. Oxygen inhalation and thoracostomy were the most prevalent treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax and analgesics, antitussives and antibiotics were most often prescribed medications. Thus, the epidemiology and treatments for spontaneous pneumothorax in Korea were detailed. This information could add to the understanding of spontaneous pneumothorax.