Chang YJ, et al. - A retrospective nationwide study is carried out to investigate the long-term epidemiological profile of peripartum congestive heart failure (PCHF) and ascertain its incidence, characteristics, and outcomes in the Taiwan population. Maternal structural heart diseases, pulmonary diseases, thyroid disorders, and pre-existing or gestational HTN are related to a higher risk of developing PCHF. Birth-mothers with PCHF also had a higher risk of caesarean section and adverse outcomes, including maternal death. These outcomes should benefit healthcare providers and government and health insurance policy makers.