Myers MG, et al. - Researchers investigated whether a brief telephone-delivered Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based intervention would promote engagement in evidence-based cessation treatment for Veterans with mental illness referred to smoking cessation treatment. Among 86 recruited military Veteran smokers with mental illness from a tobacco cessation consult clinic, 48 were randomized to receive an MI-based treatment engagement intervention (TE) and 38 were randomized to receive a non-MI assessment and information control condition. This pilot study yielded initial evidence supporting the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a telephone-delivered TE intervention for improving engagement in combination treatment in this population. Smoking cessation is typically more difficult for smokers with mental illness than those without mental illness. Findings support the potential of enhanced engagement in combination treatment for improving quit rates and finally decrease the burden of tobacco use for this population.