Kopel T, et al. – In individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) with function in those with vascular disease but preserved kidney function, endothelium–dependent was compared with –independent vascular function. For this group of patients with a clinically evident vascular disease but preserved kidney function, results reported the presence of an impairment in endothelium–dependent vascular function. Substantial reduction in endothelium–independent function was observed only in the CKD group. This suggested differences in severity and pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction between CKD and other disease states.