Nguyen S, et al. - Researchers analyzed surgeon punishment endorsements and patient compensation in rested and sleep-restricted individuals in this investigation. The national annual cost of compensation payments and legal expenses is $10 billion. Every year, 15% to 20% of U.S. surgeons face a claim of malpractice, with each claim requiring almost 2 years to resolve. If the error is severe and undisclosed and the surgeon shows little empathy, patients are more likely to file a mispractice claim. Loss of sleep that permeates hospital and home settings not only impedes recovery but also amplifies emotional reactions and triggers impulsive behaviour.