Lee HJ, et al. - The association between TFE3 immunoreactivity and its gene translocation status using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was assessed, as well as how TFE3 translocation and expression differently impact patient prognosis. Three hundred three consecutive renal cell carcinoma cases were recruited for this analysis. Regardless of the gene translocation status, increased TFE3 expression in renal cell carcinoma was correlated with poor progression-free survival. Findings suggested that morphological analysis should help in choosing candidates who would benefit from TFE3 staining and FISH analysis.