Holleczek B, Schöttker B, Brenner H, et al. - Researchers investigated how Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the presence of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) are related to the risk of invasive gastric and esophageal cancer among 9,949 individuals with an average follow-up period of 13.8 years in this large prospective population-based cohort study. A 5.2-fold and an 18.2-fold increase of non-cardia gastric cancer incidence was reported in relation to infection by H. pylori without and with expression of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), respectively. H. pylori infected people had a 0.65-fold reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinomas. The incidence of gastric cancer increased to 6.4-fold and 11.8-fold in relation to the presence of mild/moderate and severe CAG, respectively, among individuals infected with CagA expressed H. pylori.