Dimopoulos MA, et al. - In patients with multiple myeloma that was refractory or relapsed and refractory to lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor, researchers compared the efficacy of elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (elotuzumab group) to pomalidomide and dexamethasone alone (control group). According to findings, the elotuzumab group vs control group had significantly lower risk of progression or death among patients with multiple myeloma in whom treatment with lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor had failed.

Methods

• Researchers randomly assigned these patients to receive elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (elotuzumab group) or pomalidomide and dexamethasone alone (control group).
• They assessed progression-free survival as the primary end point.

Results

• Total participants were 117, with 60 randomly assigned to elotuzumab and 57 to the control group.
• After a minimum follow-up period of 9.1 months, the observed median progression-free survival for the elotuzumab group and the control group was 10.3 months and 4.7 months, respectively.
• In the elotuzumab group vs the control group, the observed hazard ratio for disease progression or death was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.86; P=0.008).
• In the elotuzumab group vs control group, the observed overall response rate was 53% vs 26%, respectively (odds ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.49 to 7.11).
• Neutropenia (13% in the elotuzumab group vs 27% in the control group), anemia (10% vs. 20%), and hyperglycemia (8% vs. 7%) were documented as most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events.
• Infections were detected in a total of 65% of the patients in each group.
• In 3 patients (5%) in the elotuzumab group, the occurrence of infusion reactions was noted.