Fu D, Shen J, Li W, et al. - To clarify clinical significance of serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), researchers undertook this prospective study with 1,032 PD patients with stored serum samples at baseline. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to quantify serum levels of TMAO. In the whole cohort, there was a link between increased serum TMAO concentrations and all-cause death but not cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Findings revealed an independent association of higher serum TMAO levels with all-cause as well as CV mortality in male patients treated with PD.