Fujimoto K, et al. - The difference in efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting β₂-agonists (LABAs) alone and the combination thereof for dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH) were explained in this random open-label crossover study. Following metronome-paced incremental hyperventilation, the efficacy of tiotropium in inhibiting DLH could be superior to that of 150 μg indacaterol, even though the effects on airflow obstruction were the same. The combination therapy demonstrated further improvement in airflow obstruction, but not in DLH.