Fujimoto D, et al. - In this 15 center retrospective study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received nivolumab, it was demonstrated that progression-free survival (PFS) was independently predicted by smoking status, performance status (PS), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. Notably, for previously underreported patient populations, such as those with poor PS and/or with driver oncogenes, the efficacy of nivolumab was elucidated. With infrequent occurrence, key implications of pneumonitis for outcomes were reported. These data should be useful for improving the clinical courses of nivolumab-treated patients with NSCLC.