Nassar AAE, et al. - Since the etiopathogenesis of melasma is not yet completely illustrated, however, certain inflammatory cytokines are involved in its pathogenesis as interleukin (IL) 1a, IL 1b, IL6, prostaglandin (PG) D2and PGE2, researchers sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intralesional triamcinolone vs Kligman's formula in the treatment of melasma. This study included 2 groups of female patients with melasma; group 1 (treatment group) included 22 patients who received intralesional injections of 4 mg/mL of triamcinolone acetonide once a month for 4 sessions as a maximum and group 2 (control group) included 22 patients who received Kligman's formula once a day for 3 months. No side effects were reported with triamcinolone injection except for mild pain during injection, whereas dermatitis, irritation, and burning sensations were associated with Kligman's formula. The authors concluded that low concentration triamcinolone injection could be an effective treatment modality for melasma.